• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    A forage harvester (10) comprises a chopper drum (22) which can be driven at variable speed in order to achieve a desired step length. The speed of conditioning rollers (28, 28 ') depends on the speed of the chopper drum (22).
    公开号:BE1026188B1
    申请号:E20190022
    申请日:2019-03-13
    公开日:2020-03-09
    发明作者:Christian Brill；Peter Lauer
    申请人:Deere & Co；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Forage harvester with cutting length-dependent speed of the conditioning device
    description
    The invention relates to a forage harvester with:
    a supporting chassis, a drive motor, a first drive train between the drive motor and a chopper drum that has a variable transmission ratio, a second drive train between the drive motor and pre-pressing rollers of a feed channel arranged upstream of the chopper drum, which has a changeable transmission ratio, a control device that with a Specification device for specifying a desired cutting length is connected and set up to vary the transmission ratios of the first and second drive trains depending on the desired cutting length, and a conditioning device with mutually drivable conditioning rollers arranged downstream of the chopping drum and connected to the drive motor by a third drive train.
    Technological background
    Forage harvesters are used to harvest whole plants or their parts, which are taken from a field in operation by means of a header, pressed together by pre-pressing rollers and fed to a chopper drum, the chopper knives of which cut the plants together with a counter knife. The cut plants or parts are then optionally fed to a conditioning device and conveyed by a post-accelerator into an ejection manifold which loads them onto a transport vehicle. The harvested plants are usually used as animal feed or for biogas production.
    BE2019 / 0022
    Forage harvesters are currently powered by an internal combustion engine, which drives at least those components with the greatest power requirements (chopper drum, conditioning device and post-accelerator) via a mechanical drive train. The pre-pressing rollers and the header can be driven mechanically or hydrostatically in order to implement variable speeds for adaptation to the desired cutting length (see, for example, EP 2 132 973 A1). It has also been proposed to drive the chopping drum at least partially hydrostatically (DE 196 32 977 Al, EP 1 609 349 Al) or electromotively (EP 1 174 019 Al) in order to achieve a desired cutting length or a fuel speed that is favorable for consumption, and also a variable speed Propulsion of the post-accelerator has been proposed (EP 1 752 037 Al, DE 10 2007 022 077 Al), as has a variable-speed drive of components of a header (EP 1 609 351 Al).
    The conditioning device usually comprises two or more mutually driven, cooperating rollers which are biased against each other by a spring force and between which the chopped material is passed. The conditioning device is used during the maize harvest to strike the grains contained in the chopped material and to improve the digestibility of the feed. The rollers of the conditioning device are usually provided with teeth or edges extending in the axial direction, so that a non-circular, profiled cross section of the rollers is obtained (see, for example, DE 83 02 421 Ul). In order to change the degree of impact on the crop with such essentially cylindrical conditioning rollers, the relative speed of both conditioning rollers is usually varied, for which purpose in the simplest case pulleys of the common drive train (see DE 10 2014 219 049 A1) derived from the drive of a post-accelerator (or DE) both conditioning rollers can be exchanged for pulleys with a different diameter. To change the speed during operation
    BE2019 / 0022 from the cab of the forage harvester it was proposed to drive one of the conditioning rollers with a hydraulic motor (EP 1 156 712 A1), or to drive both conditioning rollers with a common belt drive and to overlay the mechanical drive with a second, variable-speed drive on a conditioning roller, which can be provided by a hydraulic motor in order to adjust their speed (DE 10 2013 1 10 636 Al), or to drive both conditioning rollers with variable speeds using a belt variator (DE 10 2016 211 570 Al). In addition to a possible speed difference, the degree of effectiveness of the conditioning device is also determined by the distance between the conditioning rollers and / or their pressure force and can be dependent on the crop moisture (EP 1 166 619 Al), the cutting length (EP 2 361 495 Al) or a the proportion of grains not struck (EP 2 232 978 Al) recorded by a camera.
    After all, variable-speed drives have been described in the prior art for all components of the forage harvester interacting with the crop. So far, the speed of the pre-pressing rollers and chopper drum has been adapted to different specifications, which can be the cutting length (DE 196 32 977 Al, EP 1 609 349 Al) or the material throughput (EP 2 218 320 A2). As a further, controlled parameter, the speed of the internal combustion engine can also be adapted to the throughput (EP 1 609 349 A1).
    The speeds of at least one of the rollers of the conditioning device, on the other hand, are directly coupled to the speed of the chopper drum in the prior art, since the chopper drum and the conditioning rollers are connected by a mechanical drive train and the speed of one or both of the conditioning rollers is adjusted hydrostatically or by means of a belt variator to vary the degree of processing of the crop. The speeds of the conditioning rollers thus only depend on the speed of the internal combustion engine and possibly on a desired degree of processing of the material.
    In the prior art, the speed of the post-accelerator is also directly coupled to the speed of the chopper drum, since it is driven
    BE2019 / 0022 are connected by a mechanical drive train, or it is varied depending on the overload distance.
    task
    Accordingly, in the case of a forage harvester with a variable-speed chopper drum, the speed of the chopper drum depends on any parameter, e.g. the cutting length, would be changed, the speed of the conditioning device would remain constant in a forage harvester designed according to the prior art and would in any case not be adapted to the changed speed of the chopper drum, which would have the disadvantage that the crop is not optimally conveyed by the conditioning device in all cases would. If, for example, the cutting length is reduced and the speed of the chopper drum is increased, there may be jams in the conditioning device while the speed of the conditioning rollers is optimally adapted to the original cutting length. Similarly, the conditioning device can rotate unnecessarily quickly if the cutting length is increased and the speed of the chopper drum is reduced.
    invention
    The present invention is defined by the claims.
    A forage harvester has a control device with a supporting chassis, a drive motor, a first drive train between the drive motor and a chopper drum that has a variable transmission ratio, a second drive train between the drive motor and pre-pressing rollers of a feed channel that is arranged upstream of the chopper drum and has a variable transmission ratio , which is connected and set up with a specification device for specifying a desired cutting length, the gear ratios of the
    BE2019 / 0022 to vary the first and second drive train depending on the desired cutting length, and a conditioning device with oppositely driven conditioning rollers arranged downstream of the chopping drum and connected to the drive motor by a third drive train. The third drive train has a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device, and the control device can be operated to control the transmission ratio of the third drive train as a function of the speed of the chopper drum, in order to control the speed of both conditioning rollers, which can be the same or different for varying the degree of processing of the crop, to adapt to it.
    In other words, it is proposed to adapt the speed of the conditioning rollers to the speed of the chopper drum in a forage harvester with a rotational speed of the chopper drum that can be varied for cutting length variation in order to avoid the problem mentioned at the outset.
    The control device can be operable to let the speed of the conditioning rollers increase with increasing speed of the chopping drum.
    The control device can be operable to receive an input with regard to a desired and / or sensed degree of action of the conditioning device and, based on this, to change an action level of the conditioning device by changing the speed difference of the conditioning rolls and / or a distance and / or a contact pressure of the conditioning rolls.
    The control device can be connected to a device for detecting the current or an expected throughput and can be operated to vary the forward speed of the forage harvester in such a way that the drive motor is at a consumption-optimized or performance-optimized operating point
    BE2019 / 0022 works. As an alternative or in addition, there is the possibility that the control device, based on the current or expected throughput, selects the variable gear ratios of the respective drive trains in such a way that the drive motor operates at a consumption-optimized or performance-optimized operating point, as described in detail in EP 1 609 349 A1. The driving speed can be fixed or specified by an operator. In the event that a certain speed cannot be exceeded under certain conditions in the field, such as an uneven surface, for example, so that the drive motor is not fully utilized, it is possible to adapt the operating point of the drive motor accordingly, i.e. reduce the speed. Then the transmission ratios of the drive trains would be adjusted accordingly, so that the previous speeds are maintained.
    The control device can be operable to select the gear ratios of the first, second and third drive train in such a way that the speed of the components driven by it is sufficiently high to avoid blockages.
    The drive motor can be connected to a post-accelerator by a fourth drive train with a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device, and the control device can be operable to control the transmission ratio of the fourth drive train as a function of the overloading distance and / or the position of an ejection manifold.
    The first, second and / or third drive train can be mechanical, hydrostatic or electrical.
    Embodiment
    An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained on the basis of the figures. Show it:
    BE2019 / 0022
    1: a schematic side view of a forage harvester,
    2: a schematic top view of the drive system of the forage harvester, and
    3 shows a flow chart according to which the control device of the forage harvester works.
    1 shows a self-propelled forage harvester 10 in a schematic side view. The forage harvester 10 is built on a load-bearing chassis 12 which is carried by front driven wheels 14 and steerable rear wheels 16. The forage harvester 10 is operated from a driver's cab 18, from which a harvesting attachment 20 in the form of a mowing attachment for the maize harvest, which is detachably attached to a feed housing 36, can be viewed. By means of the header 20 cut crop, z. B. corn or the like, is fed to the front of the forage harvester 10 via a feed conveyor 36 arranged in the feed housing 36 with pre-compression rollers 30, 32 of a chopping drum 22, which it chops into small pieces in cooperation with a shear bar 46 and a conditioning device with interacting conditioning rollers 28, 28 ', from which it reaches a post-accelerator 24. The conditioning rollers 28, 28 'can be produced as cylindrical rollers which are toothed in the circumferential direction or can be designed to be wave-shaped in the axial direction. The material leaves the forage harvester 10 to a transport vehicle traveling alongside via an ejection elbow 26 which can be rotated about an approximately vertical axis and whose inclination is adjustable. In the following, directional information, such as laterally, below and above, relates to the forward movement direction V of the forage harvester 10, which runs to the left in FIG. 1.
    FIG. 2 shows a top view of the drive system of the harvesting machine 10. In the rear area of the harvesting machine 10
    BE2019 / 0022 there is a drive motor 38, in particular in the form of a combustion (diesel) motor. The drive motor 38 extends in the forward direction of the harvester 10 and includes a crankshaft 40 that extends forwardly out of the housing of the drive motor 38. The crankshaft 40 drives an electric generator 44 which, via a control device 52, has an electric motor 48 for driving the chopper drum 22, an electric motor 50 for driving the post-accelerator 24, an electric motor 54 for driving the lower conditioning roller 28, and an electric motor 56 for driving the upper conditioning roller 28 ', an electric motor 58 for driving the wheels 14, 16, an electric motor 60 for driving the drivable components of the header 20 and an electric motor 62 for driving the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 is electrically connected via a cutting length gear 64. The control device 52 is thus able to control the rotational speeds of all electric motors 48, 50, 54, 56, 58, 60 and 62. The electric motors 48, 50, 54, 56 could be arranged within the components 22, 24, 28, 28 'driven by them. Each pre-pressing roller 30, 32 could also be assigned its own electric motor 62, which can be arranged in particular within the pre-pressing roller 30, 32, or the lower pre-pressing rollers 32 and the upper pre-pressing rollers 30 were each driven by an electric motor 62 assigned to them. Each wheel 14, 16 could also be assigned its own electric motor 58. The header 20 could be driven by one or more electric motors 60 positioned directly on the header 20, each of which could be assigned to a cutting or conveying device. This also makes it possible to drive the pick-up conveyors and the discharge conveyors of the header at different speeds, as is described in EP 1 609 351 A1, the disclosure of which is incorporated into the present documents by reference.
    The electrical drive of the components 30, 32, 22, 28, 28 'and 24 of the forage harvester 10 which convey the crop has the advantage, on the one hand, that the components previously required to drive it
    BE2019 / 0022
    Driving belts are eliminated, so that a larger proportion of the available width of the forage harvester 10 is available for the components 30, 32, 22, 28, 28 'and 24, which increases the possible throughput, and on the other hand it also enables the speeds of the components 30, 32, 22, 28, 28 'and 24 to be individually adjusted by the control device 52.
    The generator 44 and the electric motor 48 thus form a first drive train between the drive motor 38 and the chopper drum 22, which has a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device 52. The generator 44 and the electric motor 62 form a second drive train between the drive motor 38 and the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 of the feed conveyor 36 arranged upstream of the chopping drum 22, which has a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device 52. The generator 44 and the electric motors 54, 56 form a third drive train between the drive motor 38 and the conditioning rollers 28, 28 ′ of the conditioning device, which has a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device 52. The generator 44 and the electric motor 50 form a fourth drive train between the drive motor 38 and the post-accelerator 24, which has a transmission ratio that can be changed by the control device 52. The control device 52 can also change the transmission ratio of the travel drive (i.e. the drive train of the wheels 14, 16 formed by the generator 44 and the motor 58).
    It should also be noted that the electrical drive trains shown in FIG. 2 can be replaced or supplemented in whole or in part by hydrostatic or mechanical drive trains (the latter, for example, equipped with belt variators).
    The control device 52 is also connected to a motor controller 66 and can specify the operating point of the drive motor 38 on a characteristic curve.
    BE2019 / 0022
    FIG. 3 shows a flow diagram according to which the control device 52 of the forage harvester 10 of FIGS. 1 and 2 can operate. After the start in step 100, an input of the operator is queried in step 102, by means of which he can use an operator interface 98 to select whether the drive motor 38 should work at maximum power or at a local optimum of power and fuel consumption. In step 104, the engine control 66 is instructed accordingly. In this regard, reference is made to the disclosure of EP 2 223 588 A2, which is incorporated by reference into the present documents.
    Steps 106 and 108 follow, in which an operator can enter a desired cutting length and a desired degree of effectiveness of the conditioning device by means of the operator interface 98. The operator inputs of steps 106 and 108 could also be replaced or supplemented by sensor-acquired values; the cutting length can depend in a manner known per se on the moisture and / or compressibility of the crop detected with a sensor and the degree of effectiveness of the conditioning device can depend on crop properties such as moisture and the proportion of grains.
    In step 110, the speeds of the chopper drum 22 and the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 are now determined. The ratio of the two speeds is determined by the cutting length, the further sizes being the diameter of the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 and the number of chopping knives distributed around the circumference of the chopping drum. There is still at least one degree of freedom left which makes it possible to select the rotational speed of the chopper drum 22 sufficiently high that it is at least so high that blockages in the channel between the chopper drum 22 and the conditioning device which are caused by insufficient rotational speeds of the chopper drum 22 do not exist are to be feared, but also not significantly higher, in order to save drive energy. Alternatively or additionally, the
    BE2019 / 0022
    Speed of the chopper drum 22 can be optimized from the point of view of efficiency of the first drive train. If the speed of the chopper drum 22 is fixed, the speed of the pre-pressing rollers 30, 32 is also predetermined by the cutting length and the other sizes mentioned in this paragraph. As mentioned above, the speed of the delivery conveyor of the header 20 can also depend on the latter.
    Step 112 follows, in which the rotational speeds of both conditioning rollers 28, 28 'are determined. Here, the degree of action specified in step 108 is taken into account, on the basis of which a speed difference between the two conditioning rollers 28, 28 'can be determined. This speed difference can be readjusted by means of a suitable sensor 68 (cf. EP 2 232 978 A1) which detects the proportion of opened and / or undeveloped grains in the crop flow downstream of the conditioning device in such a way that the desired degree of efficiency is achieved. The cutting length can also be taken into account here, since the longer crop also requires a larger speed difference between the conditioning rollers 28, 28 'in order to achieve the desired digestion of the grains. The absolute speeds of the conditioning rollers 28, 28 'can be selected at least high enough, analogously to step 110, that blockages in the channel between the conditioning device and the post-accelerator 24 caused by insufficient speeds of the conditioning device are not to be feared, but also not to be feared is much higher to save drive energy. Here too, as an alternative or in addition, the speed of the conditioning rollers 28, 28 'can be optimized from the point of view of efficiency of the third drive train.
    This is followed by step 114, in which the forward speed of the forage harvester 10 is determined by the control device 52 in such a way that the throughput achieved is so large that the power drawn from the drive motor 38 by the generator 44 is that specified in step 102
    BE2019 / 0022
    Performance corresponds. Here, procedures known per se can be used, i.e. the power of the generator 44 is used as a feedback value and, if necessary, a camera or a laser scanner 70 is also used to record the density of the crop in front of the forage harvester 10.
    Step 116 follows, in which the control device 52 determines the rotational speed of the post-accelerator 24. Here, known procedures can be used which determine the speed of the post-accelerator 24 depending on the transfer distance to a transport container traveling alongside (see EP 1 752 037 A1) or on the position of the discharge spout 26 (EP 2 223 588 A2) when loading to the rear while cutting a field or when cornering, ensure that the energy imparted to the crop is also sufficient to reach the transport container.
    In the following step 118, it is finally checked whether there is a change in specifications for motor power, cutting length or the degree of effectiveness of the conditioning device, be it new operator inputs (steps 102, 106 and 108) or sensor values influencing these specifications. If this is not the case, step 114 follows again and otherwise step 102 or 106.
    Texts in FIG. 3
    100 start
    102 Input engine operating mode
    104 Instruction to engine control
    106 Enter cutting length
    108 Enter the efficiency of the conditioning device
    110 speed 22 + 30.32 fix.
    112 speed 28, 28 'fixed
    114 propulsion speed fixed
    116 speed 24 fixed
    118 change (j -> 102 or 106; n -> 114)
    权利要求:
    Claims (7)
    [1]
    1. Forage harvester (10) with:
    a load-bearing chassis (12), a drive motor (38), a first drive train between the drive motor (38) and a chopper drum (22) which has a variable transmission ratio, a second drive train between the drive motor (38) and pre-pressing rollers (30, 32 ) of a feed conveyor (36) which is arranged upstream of the chopper drum (22) and has a variable transmission ratio, a control device (52) which is connected and set up to a specification device (98) for specifying a desired cutting length, the translation ratios of the first and second drive trains to vary depending on the desired cutting length, and a conditioning device with oppositely driven conditioning rollers (28, 28 ') arranged downstream of the chopper drum (22) and connected to the drive motor (38) by a third drive train, characterized in that the third Powertrain one through the Control device (52) has variable transmission ratio, and that the control device (52) is operable, the
    Control ratio of the third drive train depending on the speed of the chopper drum (22).
    [2]
    2. forage harvester (10) according to claim 1, wherein the control device (52) is operable to let the speed of the conditioning rollers (28, .28 1 ) grow with increasing speed of the chopper drum (22).
    [3]
    3. forage harvester (10) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control device (52) is operable to receive an input with respect to a desired and / or sensed degree of effectiveness of the conditioning device and based on one
    BE2019 / 0022
    Efficiency of the conditioning device by changing the speed difference of the conditioning rollers (28, 28 ') and / or a distance and / or a contact pressure of the conditioning rollers (28.28') to change.
    [4]
    4. forage harvester (10) according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the control device (52) with a device (70) for detecting the current or an expected throughput is connected and operable, the forward speed of the forage harvester (10) and / or Varying the gear ratios of the first to third drive trains in such a way that the drive motor (38) operates at a consumption-optimized or performance-optimized operating point.
    [5]
    5. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the control device (52) is operable to select the gear ratios of the first, second and third drive train so that the speed of the components driven by it is sufficiently high to block avoid.
    [6]
    6. forage harvester (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the drive motor (38) by a fourth drive train with a variable by the control device (52) gear ratio connected to a post-accelerator (24) and the control device (52) is operable, check the transmission ratio of the fourth drive train as a function of the overloading distance and / or the position of an ejection manifold (26).
    [7]
    7. forage harvester (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the first, second and / or third drive train is mechanical, hydrostatic or electrical.
    类似技术:
    公开号 | 公开日 | 专利标题
    EP2345320B1|2012-10-24|Automotive harvesting machine
    EP1658765B1|2008-04-09|Agricultural machine with a drive motor
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    EP1243173A1|2002-09-25|Elevator conveyor with force sensor for detecting the throughput of a combine
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    EP2952087B1|2017-11-01|Drive system for a self-propelled harvesting machine
    EP1946631A1|2008-07-23|Agricultural work machine
    BE1023764B1|2017-07-14|FELDHÄCKSLER WITH REVERSIBLE CONDITIONING DEVICE
    EP1982574B1|2011-01-26|Harvester
    EP2281434B1|2013-10-16|Header with transverse conveyer and rotational speed adjustment
    EP2636297B1|2018-04-25|Self-propelled harvester
    EP2218320A2|2010-08-18|Chaff cutter with setting-coupled supply and goods processing device and operating method for same
    BE1024973A1|2018-08-29|Drive arrangement for variable-speed drive of a equipped with two conditioning rollers conditioning a forage harvester
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    EP2168420A1|2010-03-31|Agricultural harvester
    DE102009046821B4|2015-12-24|Arrangement for the automatic recognition of the transmission ratio of a drive train for a working member and / or the number of active movable elements of a working member of an agricultural harvesting machine
    EP3326446B1|2020-10-28|Speed control of a harvesting machine
    EP3639649A1|2020-04-22|Drive arrangement for the variable-speed drive of a conditioning device of a forage harvester equipped with two conditioning rollers
    DE102021114960A1|2021-12-30|Harvesting attachment for harvesting stem-like plants with a variable-speed driven mulching device
    DE102015100955A1|2016-07-28|Self-propelled agricultural harvester
    EP2108248A1|2009-10-14|Chaff cutter and intake device for same
    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1026188A1|2019-10-30|
    DE102018205221A1|2019-10-10|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
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    DE10030505A1|2000-06-21|2002-01-03|Deere & Co|Device for adjusting the distance and / or the contact pressure of two rollers of a secondary shredding device|
    DE10034784A1|2000-07-18|2002-02-14|Deere & Co|Harvesting machine with an electric motor-driven crop conveying and / or crop processing device|
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    DE102004029953A1|2004-06-21|2006-01-12|Deere & Company, Moline|Header drive|
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    DE102007022077A1|2007-05-11|2009-01-08|Deere & Company, Moline|Gearbox arrangement for self propelled harvesting machine, has belt pulley, which is connected with internal gear and belt pulley is cylindrical and has cavity, in which planetary gear is arranged|
    DE102008002428A1|2008-06-13|2009-12-17|Deere & Company, Moline|Drive system for a harvester|
    DE102009004821A1|2009-02-13|2010-07-15|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Forage harvester with adjustment-coupled feed and crop processing device and operating method thereto|
    DE102009028175A1|2009-02-27|2010-09-02|Deere & Company, Moline|Self-propelled harvester|
    EP2232978B1|2009-03-24|2011-12-07|Deere & Company|Forage harvester|
    DE102010002343A1|2010-02-25|2011-08-25|Deere & Company, Ill.|Forage harvester with a chopper and a post-processing device arranged downstream of the chopper|
    DE102013110636A1|2013-09-26|2015-03-26|Claas Selbstfahrende Erntemaschinen Gmbh|Self-propelled forage harvester with a conditioning device|
    DE102014219049A1|2014-09-22|2016-03-24|Deere & Company|Forage harvester with reversible conditioning device|
    法律状态:
    2020-04-22| FG| Patent granted|Effective date: 20200309 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102018205221.2A|DE102018205221A1|2018-04-06|2018-04-06|Forage harvester with cutting length-dependent speed of the conditioning device|
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